Madinah: A Land of Heritage, Geography, and Natural Abundance
Medina is located roughly 500 kilometers north of Mecca, framed by iconic natural landmarks, including Mount Uhud to the north and Mount Ayr to the southwest. Covering an area of 149,207 square kilometers, the region is a tapestry of expansive plains, lush oases, and ancient water sources.
Medina's Fertile Volcanic Fields: Harrat Waqim and Beyond
Medina is surrounded by three striking volcanic fields, known as Harrat, which play a vital role in the region’s agricultural prosperity. To the east lies Harrat Waqim, to the west is Harrat Al-Wabra, and to the south, Harrat Quba. These volcanic fields, with their nutrient-rich soil, have long supported the area’s thriving agriculture. Harrat Waqim holds historical importance as ancient tribes settled here, harnessing the fertile volcanic soil to cultivate the land and shape Medina’s agrarian heritage.
The natural abundance of Medina’s Valleys: Wadi Al-Aqiq and More
Medina’s valleys, especially Wadi Al-Aqiq, which historically nourished lush forests and farmlands, are symbols of the region’s fertility and natural abundance. Alongside it, other key valleys like Wadi Bathan and Wadi Ranun converge to enhance the region’s agricultural landscape. These waterways form an intricate natural irrigation system that preserves rainwater and sustains the land, ensuring Medina’s agricultural success for generations.
Ancient Water Resources Sustaining Medina’s Growth
Water has always been essential to Medina’s survival and development. Springs such as Ain Al-Shuhada (Martyrs’ Spring) and Ain Al-Zarqa (Blue Spring) have provided fresh, life-sustaining water to the city for centuries. Wells like Bir Ruma and Bir Aris have played crucial roles in supplying water for drinking, cooking, and irrigation, highlighting the city’s deep reliance on its unique geography to meet the needs of its population.
The Climate: A Dual Force of Challenge and Opportunity
Medina experiences a continental climate, with scorching summers and mild winters. During the summer, temperatures can reach up to 44.2°C, while winter temperatures average around 18.2°C. These seasonal extremes play a crucial role in shaping the agricultural calendar, dictating when crops are planted and harvested. Rainfall, though rare, arrives in intense bursts, replenishing the valleys and oases that sustain the region.
